Author: NUOL research

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

ສຶກສາທ່າແຮງໃນການຂະຫຍາຍອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າ ແລະ ການຜະລິດພະລັງງານຢູ່ເຂື່ອນໄຟຟ້ານໍ້າສະນາ 1, ເມືອງກາສີ,ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ

S.Phoummixay1*,V.Somchay2 ,S.Thongsalak3,P.Khanti4 1,2,3National University of Laos, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering. 4Namsana1 Hydro Power Plant, Électricité Du Laos-Generation Public Company (EDL-GEN). *Corresponding author, E-mail: phoummixay2011@gmail.com

ບົດຄັດຫຍໍ້

ເຂື່ອນໄຟຟ້ານໍ້າສະນາ1ມີແຜນທີ່ຈະເພີ່່ມກຳລັງການຜະລິດເພື່ອຕອບສະຫນອງຄວາມຕ້ອງການໃນການນຳໃຊ້ພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້າຢູ່ພາຍໃນ.ການຂະຫຍາຍອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າແມ່ນຫນຶ່ງໃນວິທີທີ່ຈະສ້າງອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າ ແລະ ການຜະລິດພະລັງງານເຊັ່ນກັນ.ດັ່ງນັ້ນ,ຈຸດປະສົງຂອງການສຶກສາແມ່ນເພື່ອ: 1).ກຳນົດຂະຫນາດຂອງອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າໃຫມ່ໃນຂບໍລິເວນຝາຍກັນນໍ້າໃນເຂື່ອນ,2).ສຶກສາການຜະລິດພະລັງງານເມື່ອມີການຂະຫຍາຍອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າໃຫມ່ ແລະ 3).ວິເຄາະຜົນຕອບແທນໃນເວລາທີ່ເຂື່ອນໄດ້ມີການຂະຫຍາຍອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າ ແລະ ດຳເນີນການຜະລິດພະລັງງານ.ໂດຍພື້ນຖານແລ້ວ,ການສຶກສາດັ່ງກ່າວແມ່ນຈະໄດ້ອີງໃສ່ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ມີຢູ່ໃນລະຫວ່າງປີ 2015-2018 ແລະ ນຳໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣມ MS Excel ແລະ ແບບຈຳລອງ NAM ເປັນເຄື່ອງມືໃນການຄິດໄລ່ບໍລິມາດຂອງນໍ້າ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນທາງດ້ານອຸທົກກະສາດເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຈຳແນກອອກເປັນສາມກໍລະນີໂດຍອີງໃສ່ຂໍ້ມູນການໄຫລເຂົ້າຂອງນໍ້າໃນ:ປີແຫ້ງແລ້ງ,ປີປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ປີມີນໍ້າ.ດັ່ງນັ້ນ,ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າ:ຂະຫນາດໃນການຂະຫຍາຍອ່າງເກັບນໍ້າໄດ້ບໍລິມາດນໍ້າຫລາຍສຸດແມ່ນ 264,870 m3,ເຊິ່ງມີຜົນຕ່າງລະຫວ່າງລະດັບນໍ້າ 642.00 masl ແລະ ຕໍ່າສຸດແມ່ນ 638.00 masl.ບໍລິມາດນໍ້າທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຜະລິດພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້າແມ່ນ: 199,291 m3 ເຊິ່ງລະດັບນໍ້າຈາກຈຸດ 639.00 masl ຫາຈຸດສູງສຸດ 642.00 masl ທີ່ສາມາດຜະລິດພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້າໄດ້,ໂດຍສະເລ່ຍໃນສາມກໍລະນີ: ກຳລັງການຜະລິດພະລັງງານເພີ່ມຂື້ນ2,559,906 kWh /ປີ, ຄ່າຂອງ Plant factor ເພີ່ມຂື້ນ 2.09%.

ສະຫລຸບລວມແລ້ວເຫັນວ່າ:ຜົນຕອບແທນແມ່ນ 1,505,224,744 kip/ປີ,ເຊິ່ງມີມູນຄ່າໃນການລົງທຶນທັງຫມົດແມ່ນ 6,643,120,000 kip ແລະ ຈະໄດ້ໃຊ້ເວລາປະມານ 4.5 ປີໃນການຈ່າຍເງິນຄືນ

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

ນຳໃຊ້ Finite Difference Method ແລະ ການສະພາວະຄົງທີ່ເພື່ອສ້າງແບບຈຳລອງການໄຫລຂອງນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນຢູ່ເຂດຂຸດຄົ້ນພູຄຳ,ແຂວງໄຊສົມບູນ,ສປປ ລາວ

S.Phoummixay1*, P.Sengprachanh2, Guillermo III Quesada Tabios3 1,2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos, 3Professor, Institute of Civil Engineering and Director of National Hydraulic Research Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman,Quezon City, Philippines 1101 *Corresponding author, E-mail: phoummixay2011@gmail.com

ບົດຄັດຫຍໍ້

ແບບຈຳລອງນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນແມ່ນວິທີທີ່ນິຍົມກັນຢ່າງຫລວງຫລາຍໃນການສຶກສາກ່ຽວກັບການໄຫລ ແລະ

ການເຄື່ອນທີ່ຂອງສານປົນເປື້ອນໃນນຳໃຕ້ດິນ,ເພື່ອສ້າງເຂົ້າໃຈຢ່າງເລິກເຊິ່ງກ່ຽວກັບຄຸນລັກສະນະການໄຫລຂອງນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນ.ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ຈຸດປະສົງຂອງການສຶກສາແມ່ນ: 1. ເພື່ອສ້າງ ແລະ ພັດທະນາແບບຈຳລອງແນວຄວາມຄິດນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນຢູ່ເຂດຂຸດຄົ້ນພູຄຳ ແລະ 2.ເພື່ອຈຳລອງການໄຫລຂອງນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນໃນສະພາວະຄົງທີ່(ການໄຫລທີ່ບໍ່ຂື້ນກັບເວລາ).ການສຶກສາຄັ້ງນີ້ໄດ້ນຳໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣ Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) 6.5 ເຊິ່ງປະກອບດ້ວຍຊຸດຂອງໂປຣແກຣມ MOFLOW ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້ຄະນິດສາດຂັ້ນສູງທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ: Finite Difference

Method (FDM).ແບບຈຳລອງການໄຫລຄົງທີ່ໄດ້ກຳນົດ ແລະ ມີການປັບປ່ຽນຄ່າຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງ ± 2 ແມັດ.ຫລັງ

ຈາກນັ້ນ,ແບບຈຳລອງດັ່ງກ່າວກໍໄດ້ມີການທົດລອງຣັນໃນໂປຣແກຣມ MOFLOW,ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ຄ່າທີ່ຍອມຮັບ

ໄດ້ຕາມເປົ້າຫມາຍທີ່ກຳນົດໄວ້ລະຫວ່າງຄ່າຂອງລະດັບນໍ້າໃຕ້ດິນທີ່ເຮົາໄດ້ຈາກການສຳຫລວດຕົວຈິງ ແລະ ຄ່າ

ຈາກໂປຣແກຣມ.ໂດຍມີການປັບປ່ຽນຄ່າສຳປະສິດການຊືມ ແລະ ນໍ້າທີ່ໄຫລເຂົ້າມາໃນແບບຈຳລອງ.ຄ່ານໍ້າທີ່

ໄຫລເຂົ້າມາຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງ 2% ຫາ 12% ຈາກປະລິມານນໍ້າຝົນສະເລ່ຍ 0.00475 ແມັດ/ມື້,ເຊິ່ງພົບວ່າມີຄ່າ:

7.22 % ຫລື 0.000343 ແມັດ/ມື້.ພາຍຫລັງທີ່ມີການທົດລອງຣັນແບບຈຳລອງຫລາຍໆແລ້ວ,ເຫັນໄດ້ວ່າ,ຄ່າ

ຄາດເຄື່ອນສະເລ່ຍຮາກຂັ້ນສອງຂອງສະພາວະຄົງທີ່ (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE): ຊັ້ນທີ1,ຊັ້ນທີ

2,ຊັ້ນທີ3 ແລະ ຊັ້ນທີ4 ແມ່ນ1.840ແມັດ, 1.767ແມັດ,1.963 ແມັດ ແລະ 0.574ແມັດ,ຕາມລຳດັບ, ເຊິ່ງຄ່າ

ສຳປະສິດການຕັດສິນໃຈ(R2)ຊັ້ນທີ1, ຊັ້ນທີ2, ຊັ້ນທີ3 ແລະ ຊັ້ນທີ4 ແມ່ນ 0.965, 0.96, 0.959 ແລະ

0.985, ຕາມລຳດັບ

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

Applied Finite Difference Method and Steady State for Groundwater Flow Modeling Phukham area, Xaysomboun Province, Lao PDR

S.Phoummixay1*, P.Sengprachanh2, Guillermo III Quesada Tabios3 1,2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos, 3Professor, Institute of Civil Engineering and Director of National Hydraulic Research Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman,Quezon City, Philippines 1101 *Corresponding author, E-mail: phoummixay2011@gmail.com

Abstract

Groundwater modeling is a common approach of conducting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation. Consequently, in order to understand the behavior of groundwater flow. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish and develop conceptual model of groundwater at Phukham Copper – Gold operations mining and simulate the steady state flow modeling. Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) 6.5 software was applied using MOFLOW Package which employ advanced mathematics as Finite Difference Method (FDM). Steady State Flow model was set up and calibrated within target ± 2 meters; then the model was run in MOFLOW in order to obtain acceptable observed and simulated hydraulic head by adjusting hydraulic conductivities and recharge values. Recharge rate was adjusted between 2% to 12% from annual rainfall 0.00475 m/d and it was found out to be 7.22 % or 0.000343 m/d. Model has come up with reasonable result of each scenario. Hence, root mean square error of steady state: layer1, layer 2, layer3 and layer4 are 1.840 m, 1.767 m, 1.963 m and 0.574 m, respectively. The coefficient of determination of steady state for layer1, layer2, layer3 and layer4 are 0.965, 0.96, 0.959 and 0.985, respectively

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

Detection of Formalin in Seafoods at markets and wholesaler-Retailer stores (Case study: Xaythany District and Xaysetha District, Vientiane capital)

Vadsana KEOVONGSUK, Somphaphone SULYYA, Chanphone VONGKHAMPHEANG. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, E-mail: vadsanarkeovongsuk97@gmail.com, Tel: 020 59130915.

Abstract

This education was making for checking contamination in fresh seafood markets and shops wholesale – Retailer stores Case study: Xaythany District and Xaysetha District, Vientiane capital such as Tanmexai store (A), Phontongsavang market (B, C), Phonkheng store (D) and Donnoun store (E), with 3 objectives: Availability of products, find the volume of formalin contaminated in seafood and,  Compare formalin similar seafood in each store, formalin checked by (Test-kit of formalin in food) and put in UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Carry 50 Bio to analyze the amount of formalin contaminated in fresh seafood.

The results of a formalin for 5 fresh seafood stores in Vientiane found that: availability of products from each store are similar and some are different. The examination results of formalin contaminated in 39 seafood of samples it revealed that 14 sample were contaminated. The samples in store A was not detetetable, in store B: Portunus pelagicus and Octopus 0.07±0.00 mg/kg 0.25±0.02 mg/kg respectively; in store C: white shrimp, Portunus pelagicus, Loligo duvauceli 0.29±0.01 mg/kg, 0.15±0.00 mg/kg,0.35±0.08 mg/kg respectively; in store D: Portunus pelagicus, oyster, Octopus dollfusi, Loligo duvauceli, white squid and Soft cuttlefish 0.19±0.00 mg/kg, 1.06±0.10 mg/kg, 0.37±0.01 mg/kg, 0.18±0.01 mg/kg, 0.15±0.00 mg/kg and 0.37±0.01 mg/kg respectively; in store E: white shrimp, Loligo duvauceli, CrispSquid 0.14±0.00mg/kg, 0.18±0.00 mg/kg,0.08±0.01 mg/kg respectively. Form the examination results, it revealed that the Oyster form D store has contaminated formalin 1.06±0.10 mg/kg which is higher than other types of seafood; of which, it exceeds the WHO standard (0.05 mg/kg). If the consumers always take seafood that contaminated with the formalin, it may affect to the consumer’s health.

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

ສຶກສາຄຸນສົມບັດຂອງດິນຈີ່ແບບປະສານທີ່ປະສົມເທົ່າລອຍຈາກໂຮງງານໄຟຟ້າຫົງສາ Properties of interlocking clay brick mixing with Fly Ash from Hongsa Power Plant

ປອ. ຄໍາຮູ້ ຊາພູວົງ1, ນາງ ດາວສະຫວັນ ພຸດທະວົງ2 , ນາງ ທິດດາວັນ ນາລິນ3 1 ອາຈານສອນ,ພາກວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ,ຄະນະວິສະວະກຳສາດ,ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດ 2, 3ນັກສຶກສາລະດັບປະລິນຍາຕີ,ພາກວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ,ຄະນະວິສະວະກຳສາດ,ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດ Email:k.saphouvong@nuol.edu.la

ບົດຄັດຫຍໍ້

Interlocking clay brick is one of the construction material that initially used in Laos due to it is fast to build and save cost by overall. In this study, interlocking bricks are made by mixing soil with sand, cement and fly ash from Hongsa Power Plantin the ratio of powderto soil is 1:6. The replacement percentage of fly ash to cement in the powder is 0%,10%,20%, and 30% by weight under the curing conditions in the room temperature. The engineering properties of brick, water absorption, density, and compressive strength were tested afterage of28-days. As the results, it was found that the properties of interlocking bricks that mixes with fly ash, compressive strength, density and water absorption are compliance with the standardof the interlock bricks. The compressive strength of brick at 28 days for the replacement ratio of fly ash to cement of0%, 10%, 20%, 30% are 6.0 MPa, 5.4 MPa, 5.0 MPa, 5.0 MPa respectively. In the same ratio, the test results of density of brick are 1,067, 1,670, 1,620, 1,600 kg/m3 respectively, water absorption are 8.77%, 9.18%, 9.64%, and 10.26% respectively.Based on the overall results of this study, the studied interlocking brick is able to use as the standard interlocking bricks which compressive strength over 2.5 MPa, water absorption is not over 15%

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

Occurrence of Microplastics in Fish, That-Luang Swamp, Saysettha District, Vientiane capital

Chittaphone Banditvong, Ravikoun Vatthanavong, Bounphak Lobriayao Davone Keomany Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, E-mail:Chittaphone5029@gmail.com, Tel: 020 54110107

Abstract

That-Luang swamp is a place that the habitants nearby earn their living by fishery and harvest plats for consumption and to distribute in daily. It is also an area to accommodate the waste water which released from factories and Vientiane capital; consequently, microplastics might be one of the contaminants and it would be bio-accumulation on food chain of aquatic animals; while the citizen have earned their living includes: fishing, prawn, snail and collect plants to consume and vend at the market. Therefore, microplastics contaminable in aquatic animals could be bio-magnification via the food chain to the human body.

There are two main objectives in this research. Firstly, to study the physical quality which consist of colors, shapes and sizes of microplastics contaminants in three kinds of fish (including: small fish, tilapias and kind of flat fish). Secondly, to examine for microplastics species in that of the fish; the aquatic animal samples were carried out to extract the microplastic at the laboratory, then the colors, shapes, and sizes of the microplastic were analyzed by employing the Stereo Microscope; Finally, the species of microplastic were elucidated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). According to the analysis result revealed that there are many microplastics contaminated in aquatic animals; we found 111 pieces of microplastic in a total of 12 fish, it had 6 colors including: black 44 (40%), red 27 (24%), blue 25 (23%), yellow 8 (7%), green (4%), and white 3 (3%); 3 microplastics shapes includes: fiber 56 (50%), sheet 52 (47%) and foam 3 (3%); the size of microplastics were range between 0.01µm – 0.65 µm, and 10 types of microplastics. As the results of the studies on both physicals and its species in three types of fish, the amount of contaminated microplastic was stratified from Henicorhynchus siamensis, Trichopodus trichopterus, Oreochromis niloticus  respectively.

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

Quantification of Nitrite contaminated in pickled foods (Case study Phonsavarng village Chanthabuly district Vientiane capital)

Mingkhouan INTHAKESONE, Panomphone, CHANTHAKHOT, Bounphak LOBRIAYAO Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, E-mail: Dicaprio439@gmail.com, Tel & Fax: +856-21-770561

Abstract

In food industrial production, Nitrite has known as one of the popular food additives, especially in meat process. Since Nitrite has effects on human beings, it’s hazardous for consumers if they got a large amount of Nitrite such as: hypoxemia, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer and thyroid gland dysfunction. Nitrite was used as a food additive for characteristic pink color of cured meat, prevents spoilage bacteria and the growth of harmful bacterium called Clostidium botulinum which produces the Botulinum toxin. Therefore, customers mostly added Nitrite into the pickled foods, namely Salted dry meats, Sausages, Steam sausages and Pickled meats.

In this study has mainly 2 objectives in regards with: 1) determine the social values of pickled foods consumption in Phonsavarng village, Chanthabuly district, Vientiane Capital, and 2) Determination of Nitrite in high values of food consumption using colorimetric method and analyze via UV-visible Spectrophotometer.

According to the questioning consumers on the social values of pickled foods consumption in Phonsavarng village, the results indicated that most of the people prefer 4 types of pickled food (salted dry meat, sausages, steam pork sausage, and pickled pork). Furthermore, the pickled foods with highly social values were collected to examine the contaminated Nitrite, the results revealed that certain types of pickled foods stained with Nitrite and 1 types of food was non-detectable; as showed Salted dry beef was found 67.35 mg/kg, Sausage type: Sweet Sausage and Pickled Sausage were found 1.10 mg/kg and 11.03 mg/kg, respectively; Steam Pork Sausage was non-detectable and Pickle Pork was found 1.81 mg/kg. The contaminated Nitrite in pickled food stuffs were still under the CODEX standard which is 125 mg/kg. However, highly and continuously for daily consumption can be prone on chronic exposure; of which this may post a health risk effects on the consumer.

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

ສຶກສາການນຳໃຊ້ຈຸລິນຊີ ໃນການເພີ່ມຄຸນນະພາບຝຸ່ນອິນຊີຈາກຕະກອນບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນຂອງໂຮງງານເບຍລາວ ໂດຍໃຊ້ວັດສະດຸປະສົມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ

ກໍລະກົດ ພົມມະລິນ, ຄໍາຈັນ ບຸນຄຸນ, ສີພະຈັນ ວັນນະສີ ຄະນະວິທະຍາສາດສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ, ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດ, ອີເມວ: k.phommalinh@nuol.edu.la, Tel: (+85620) 29808600

ບົດ​ຄັດ​ຫຍໍ້

ການ​ສຶກສາ​ຄັ້ງ​ນີ້​​ເປັນຮູບ​ແບບ​ການ​ທົດ​ລອງ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ຫົວ​ຂໍ້ສຶກສາການນຳໃຊ້ຈຸລິນຊີ ໃນການເພີ່ມຄຸນນະພາບຝຸ່ນອິນຊີຈາກຕະກອນບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນຂອງໂຮງງານເບຍລາວ ທີ່ໃຊ້ວັດສະດຸປະສົມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ເຊິ່ງມີ 2 ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກຄື: (1) ​ເພື່ອ​ວິ​ເ​ຄາະຄຸນະພາບ​ຝຸ່ນ​ອິນ​ຊີ​ທີ່ຜະລິດ​ຈາກ​ຕະກອນ​ບໍາບັດ​ນໍ້າ​ເປື່ອນ​ໂດຍ​ໃຊ້​ຈຸລິນ​ຊີປັບປຸງ​ຄຸນ​ນະພາ​ບ ທີ່​ໃຊ້​ວັດ​ສະດຸ​ປະສົມ​ແຕກ​ຕ່າງ​ກັນ ​ແລະ (2) ​ເພື່ອປະ​ເມີນ​ຕົ້ນ​ທຶນ​ການ​ຜະລິດ​ຝຸ່ນ​ອິນ​ຊີ​ ຈາ​ກກາກ​ຕະກອນ​ບໍາບັດ​ນໍ້າ​ເປື່ອນດັ່ງກ່າວ. ​ໂດຍນໍາ​ໃຊ້​ວິທີ​ການ​ຄົ້ນ​ການ​ທົດ​ລ​ອງ​ແບບ CRD(Completed Random Design)ປະກອບ​ມີ  3 ຊຸດທົດ​ລອງ (Replications) ​ແລະ ​ແຕ່​ລະ​ຊຸດ​ແບ່ງ​ອອກ​ເປັນ 5 ສິ່ງ​ທົດ​ລອງ(Treatments)

ຜົນການສຶກສາການນຳໃຊ້ຈຸລິນຊີ ໃນການເພີ່ມຄຸນນະພາບຝຸ່ນອິນຊີຈາກຕະກອນບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນຂອງ​​ ໂຮງງານເບຍລາວ ທີ່ໃຊ້ວັດສະດຸປະສົມແຕກຕ່າງກັນ ​​ເຫັນ​ວ່າ ຈຸລິນ​ຊີປັບປຸງ​ດິນ(IMO)ມີ​ບົດບາດ​ສໍາຄັນ​ໃນ​ການ​ເພີ່ມ​ຄຸນະພາບ​ຂອງ​ຝຸ່ນ​ອິນ​ຊີ ​ໂດຍ​ສະ​ເພາະ​ແມ່ນ​ທາດ​ອິນ​ຊີ​ວັດຖຸ ​ແລະ ທາດ ​ໂປ​ແທັສຊຽມ ​ເພີ່ມ​ຂຶ້ນ​ຈາກ 20.97% – 47.42% (ທຽບ​ກັບ ​ຕົວ​ຢືນ) ​ແລະ ຈາກ 0.08 % – 1.21% (ທຽບ​ກັບ​ຕົວ​ຢືນ) ຕາມ​ລໍາດັບ, ລວມທັງ​ການ​ປັບ​ຄ່າ​ຄວາມ​ເປັນ​ກົດ – ດັ່ງ​ໃຫ້​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ສະພາບ​ທີ່​ເປັນກາງ ​ແລະ ​ເໝາະ​ສົມ​ສໍາລັບ​ການ​ປູກ​ພືດ. ສິ່ງ​ທົດ​ລອງ T5​ ​ ເປັນ​ຝຸ່ນ​ອິນ​ຊີທີ່​ມີ​ຄຸນະພາບ​ດີ​ທີ່​ສຸດ ​ແລະ ໄດ້​ຕາມ​ມາດຕະຖານ​ຝຸ່ນ​ອິນ​ຊີ​ຂອງ​ກົມ​ປູກຝັງ ​ແລະ ​ເປັນ​ອັດຕາ​ສ່ວນ​ການ​ປະສົມ​ທີ່​ເໝາະ​ສົມ ​ເນື່ອງ​ຈາກ​ມີ​ຕົ້ນ​ທຶນ​ຕໍ່າສະ​ເລ່ຍຢູ່​ທີ່ 1,334 ກີບ​ຕໍ່ກິ​ໂລກຣາມ ​ແລະ 1,588 ກີບ​ຕໍ່ກິ​ໂລກຣາມ ຕາມ​ລໍາດັບ. ​ເຖິງ​ແນວ​ໃດ​ກໍ່ຕາມ, ການໃຊ້​ກາກ​ຕະກອນ​ເປັນ​ສ່ວນ​ປະສົມ​ຫຼັກ​ໃນ​ການ​ເຮັດ​ຝຸ່ນ​ຊີ ຍັງ​ມີ​ບັນຫາ​ການ​ແຂງ​ຕົວ​ຂອງ​ເມັດ​ຝຸ່ນ​ໃນ​ເວລາ​ທີ່​ແຫ້ງ​ແລ້ວ ​ເວລາ​ໃຊ້​ໄປ​ດົນໆ ຫຼື ​ເປັນ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​ອາດ​ສົ່ງ​ຜົນ​ເຮັດ​​ໃຫ້​ເປັນ​ການ​ເພີ່ມ​ອະນຸ​ພາກ​ດິນ​ໜຽວ​ໃນ​ພື້ນ​ທີ່​ການ​ປູກ​ພືດ​ເພີ່ມ​ຂຶ້ນ ​ແລະ ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ດິນ​ຍິ່ງ​ໜຽວ ​ແລະ ​ແຂງ. ສະ​ນັ້ນ, ການ​ນໍາ​​ໃຊ້​ຄວນ​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້​ຮ່ວມ​ກັບ​ຝຸ່ນ​ຄອກ​ອື່ນໆ ປະສົມ​ນໍາ.

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

ສຶກສາການບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນໂດຍການອອກແບບຊຸດຈຳລອງລະບົບບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນໂດຍວິທີການໄລ່ດ້ວຍອາກາດThe Study Wastewater Treatment by Designing Lab-Scale Wastewater Treatment System: Air Stripping Tower.ສັງຄົມສິງຫາຣາຊ,ວັດທະນາກິມະນີວົງແລະສຸລິໄຊລໍຄຳທີ

ພາກວິຊາວິສະວະກຳກົນຈັກ, ຄະນະວິສະວະກຳສາດ, ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ. Email: Sksingharaj@gmail.com

ບົດຄັດຫຍໍ້

ການວິໄຈຄັ້ງນີ້ແມ່ນໄດ້ເຮັດການສຶກສາອອກແບບຊຸດຈຳລອງລະບົບບຳບັດນ້ຳເປື້ອນໂດຍວິທີການໄລ່ດ້ວຍອາກາດ(Air Stripping)ແລະສຶກສາປະສິດທິພາບຂອງຊຸດຈຳລອງລະດັບຫ້ອງປະຕິບັດການໃນການບຳບັດທາດອົງຄະທາດໃນນ້ຳເປື້ອນຈາກໂຮງງານຂ້າສັດບ້ານ: ດອນດູ່, ເມືອງ: ຫາດຊາຍຟອງ, ແຂວງ: ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ. ຊຸດຈຳລອງປະກອບດ້ວຍຖັງພັກນ້ຳເປື້ອນຂະໜາດ 200ລີດມີແຜງໃຫ້ຄວາມຮ້ອນດ້ານໃນ,ນ້ຳເປື້ອນຈະຖືກດູດສົ່ງຜ່ານເຂົ້າຫົວສີດເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດລະອອງຝອຍລົງສູ່ຖັງບຳບັດສູງ120 ຊມ.ເສັ້ນຜ່າສູນກາງດ້ານໃນ 35ຊມ.ພາຍໃນຖັງປະກອບມີຕະແກງຍາວ40ຊມ.ທີ່ບັນຈຸວັດສະດຸຕົວກາງ, ດ້ານຂ້າງເບື້ອງລຸ່ມຂອງຖັງບຳບັດມີທໍ່ລົມເສັ້ນຜ່າສູນກາງ5.5ຊມ. ເພື່ອເປົ່າອາກາດຂຶ້ນໄປກະທົບກັບວັດສະດຸຕົວກາງແລະສ່ວນລຸ່ມສຸດຂອງກົ້ນຖັງຈະມີທໍ່ລະບາຍນ້ຳຖີ້ມທີ່ຜ່ານການບຳບັດແລ້ວ,ນ້ຳເປື້ອນກ່ອນເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບມີຄວາມເຂັ້ມຂຸ້ນຂອງຊີໂອດີແລະຄວາມເຂັ້ມຂຸ້ນຂອງNH3-N ສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ874.2±0.00ມກ./ລີດແລະ0.327±0.01ມກ./ລີດຕາມລຳດັບ,ເມື່ອນ້ຳເປື້ອນເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບບຳບັດປັບຄວາມດັນປ້ຳນ້ຳທີ່ລະດັບແຕກຕ່າງກັນ3ລະດັບຄື: 0.3, 0.6ແລະ0.9 barພົບວ່າ: ຄວາມເຂັ້ມຂຸ້ນຂອງຊີໂອດີມີຄ່າຫຼຸດລົງໂດຍສະເພາະທີ່ຄວາມດັນ0.6barເທົ່າກັບ152 ±0.10ມກ./ລີດເມື່ອທຽບກັບຄວາມດັນທີ່ລະດັບ0.3ແລະ0.9 barມີຄ່າຊີໂອດີເທົ່າກັບ0.209±0.01 ມກ./ລີດແລະ177.9±0.15ມກ./ລີດຕາມລຳດັບແລະຄວາມເຂັ້ມຂຸ້ນຂອງNH3-Nກ່ອນເຂົ້າເຄື່ອງແລະຫຼັງຜ່ານເຄື່ອງພົບວ່າມີຄ່າເທົ່າກັບ0.327±0.01, 0.209±0.01, 0.130±0.00 ແລະ0.169±0.00ມກ./ລີດຕາມລຳດັບ, ປະສິດທິພາບການເຮັດວຽກຂອງຊຸດຈຳລອງພົບວ່າທີ່ຄວາມດັນ0.6barມີປະສິດທິພາບໃນການບຳບັດຄວາມເຂັ້ມຂຸ້ນຊີໂອດີແລະNH3-Nໄດ້ 82.6ແລະ60.2ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ.

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ສາຍທຳມະຊາດ

Determination of Arsenic species in Rice (Case study vicinage of quarry excavation area: Arngnoy Village Sungthong District, Vientiane capital)

Bounphak Lobriayao, Nakhonekham Phichit, Noynita Xaiyabountha Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Laos, P.O Box 7322, E-mail: Dicaprio439@gmail.com, Tel & Fax: +856-21-770561

Abstract

Rice is the staple food of people in Asian countries especially in Laos, where it is a carbohydrate stuff which plays an important role for source of energy to support human beings.  Arsenic (As) is a heavy metal of which naturally occurring; it can be found in soil, rocks or in natural water sources, and caused by human activities such as mining activities, the used of agro-chemicals (pesticides, herbicide, etc…) in agriculture.Therefore, it is possible to deposite and contaminate in the environment such as the paddy soil and the irrigation; afterward it can initiate the arsenic residues in the agricultural productions that harvesting from the contaminated area, which is the rice grain. Furthermore, the arsenic residue can cause the health impact to those who eating the contaminated rice.

            Our study concist of two mian objectives: 1.) Study the source of arsenic in Ban Ang Noi, Sangthong District, Vientiane Capital, and 2.) Determination of Arsenic species in Rice grian using HPLC-ICP-MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Couppled Plasma Mass spectrometry).

            According to the analysis results of arsenic contamination in the 3 types of rice samples revealed that: in the HSV sample, the total amount of arsenic was 0.11 mg/kg, the total inorganic arsenic (iAs) was 0.09 mg/kg which included the amount of inorganic arsenic AsV was 0.0178 mg/kg, the inorganic arsenic AsIII was 0.0703 mg/kg; the total arsenic in the TDK8 sample was 0.19 mg/kg, the (iAs) was 0.10 mg/kg, and the amount of arsenic AsV was 0.0126 mg/kg, the amount of arsenic AsIII was 0.0834 mg/kg; the total arsenic in the Composite rice was 0.14 mg/kg, the (iAs) was 0.08 mg/kg, the AsV and AsIII were 0.006 mg/kg and 0.0771 mg/kg, respectively.

            In conclusion, arsenic residue contaminated in all three rice samples, but the residue of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic (iAs) did not exceed the maximum permissible limit of the international standard or CODEX (CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION (2017)) which is 0.3 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively.